Different Types Of Discrimination And Coping Social Work Essay

Different Types Of Discrimination And Coping Social Work Essay This essay discusses on the different types of discrimination and the different coping strategies or behaviours used. The Oxford Dictionary defined discrimination as the unwarranted or hurtful treatment of different groups of people, especially on the grounds of gender, race or age. Coping is defined as a change in cognitive and behaviour to evade harmful event. Discrimination affects an individual physically, mentally and emotionally. Studies have shown that discrimination can lead to depression. However, there have been various coping behaviours that have been identified to help victims of discrimination. Further studies need to be conducted to address other types of discriminations such as old age, disabled, workplace and others. Keywords: Racial Discrimination, Gender Discrimination, Coping Behaviours Discrimination and Coping Discrimination has been present for hundreds and hundreds of years. Discrimination is defined as the unwarranted or hurtful treatment of different groups of people, especially on the basis of gender, race or age by the Oxford Dictionary. Acts of discrimination can be witnessed through many historical events such as the Holocaust, where the Jews were discriminated and murdered because the Germans believed that they were superior. Not only that but, the blacks were also a target of discriminatory acts during the Civil War where they were forced to become slaves. However, there are various ways to cope with discrimination. Coping is defined as a change in cognitive and behaviour to evade harmful events (Rantanen, Mauno, Kinnunen Rantanen, 2011). There are many causes of discrimination. In the western world, history is marked by BC and AD, however there was a third category which is 9/11. 9/11 marked a very tragic day in the history of United States as that was the day when the al-Qaeda launched an attack on the United States by hijacking planes and crashing them into the World Trade Center and The Pentagon. Post 9/11 witnessed a rapid increase and all time high report of discrimination, hate crimes and religion profiling (Ahluwalia Pellettiere, 2010). Many Sikhs became the target of prejudicial and discriminatory act as they resembled the appearance of the terrorist whom wore turbans. Turbans are worn by the Sikh as a sign of faith. Therefore the Sikhs became the target of racial discrimination due to the media constantly and continuously portraying images of suspected terrorist wearing turbans. (Ahluwalia Pellettiere, 2010). Not only that, but it was mandatory that baptized Sikhs carry a kirpan. Kirpans are dagger liked shaped and is a symbol of peace and truth. There were such cases where the Sikhs residing in United States were sacked, downgraded, placed under probation and even came across false criminal charges due to them carrying the kirpan (Ahluwalia Pellettiere, 2010). Due such unexpected events occurring, the Sikhs were forced to go against all their believes in order to lead a risk-free life. No stones were left unturned post 9/11 as the innocent Sikh children experienced the backlash of this event. Majority of the Sikh students in New York testified to being abused at schools due to their religion and country of origin (Ahluwalia Pellettiere, 2010). The September 11 attacks did not only impact the lives of the Sikhs in the United States in a negative way, but also the Muslims. A good number of atrocities took place on the streets, in convenience stores, petrol stations, educational institutions and at mosques (Abu-Raiya, Pargament Mahoney, 2011). Many Muslims reported that they stayed indoors as they feared that they would be a victim of hate crime. Not only that, but many Muslims were concerned about their future in the country (Abu-Raiya et al., 2011). Due to the sudden change in their environment, the Sikhs and Muslims had to find various coping methods to overcome these negative outcomes. Various research discovered that the Sikh would seek out assistance from their family, community and faith before pursuing mental health facilities (Ahluwalia Pellettiere, 2010). The pious Sikhs seek assistance from their holy scripture the Guru Granth Sahib. This holy scripture taught them to oppress the feeling of being a victim and take control of the situation when undergoing superficial suffering such as discrimination and biasness. On the other hand, there were many Sikh men who decided that they could no longer handle the constant abuse and discrimination and made drastic changes against their culture such as cutting their hair and choosing to not wear turbans. Similar to the Sikhs, the Muslims depended extensively on coping method related to religion such as reciting scriptures, praying and forgiveness. Research evidence found that religious behaviour increased post 9/11 attacks. There were two patterns in regard to religious coping; one pattern was positive religious coping methods and another was negative religious coping methods (Abu-Raiya et al., 2011). Researchers concluded that positive religious coping resulted in posttraumatic development whereas negative religious coping resulted in loneliness and mental instability (Abu-Raiya et al., 2011) Asian Americans were also a target of discriminatory act pre 9/11. From way back then when Asians first stepped foot in America till now they have been faced with racism and discrimination. One might consider that discrimination against Asian-Americans might reduce as their population gets larger, however, that is not accurate. Asian-Americans are faced with discrimination on a day-to-day basis right from discriminatory terms to physical abuse (Yoo Lee, 2005). Research validates that ethnic identity operates as a vital psychological asset that allows ethnic and racial minorities to fight against racial discrimination (Yoo Lee, 2005). Therefore, we can see that having a strong ethnic identity and believe in ones culture can help an individual overcome discrimination. Another study investigated the relationship between racial discrimination stress and depressive symptoms and various coping strategies. Research suggested that the understanding of the intricacy in the involvement between perceived discrimination and health can be broadened by combining other factors into the model (Wei, Heppner, Ku, Liao, 2010). Racism and discrimination can negatively have an impact on the psychological health of their victims. Asian Americans very often encounter prejudicial insults, intentionally and unintentionally ( Alvarez Juang, 2010). Continuous exposure to such insults and actions can take a toll on a person. It was reported that continuous taunting were positively correlated with depression ( Alvarez Juang, 2010). The level of coping with discrimination can be influenced by several extrinsic factors such as how frequent the discrimination occurs, the period discrimination occurs and the various types of coping behaviours either before or after the event. Research evidence also presented a previous study that was conducted by Noh and colleagues (1999, 2003) whom investigated both the individualistic coping behaviour of the Western culture (active coping) and the collectivistic coping behaviour of the Eastern culture (forbearance coping) (Wei et al., 2010). Noh and Kaspar (2003) identified that active coping helped decrease the perceived racial discrimination on depression for Korean Canadian immigrants. It can be concluded that Asian Americans should learn to practice active coping strategies by viewing the stressor in a positive way that will help develop their mental health. Approach-type coping is another coping strategy that can be utilized to overcome the after effects of discrimination. This is then categorized into three common forms which are social support seeking, cognitive restructuring and problem solving.Social support seeking is defined participating in behaviour directed at gaining emotional support from others (Yoo Lee, 2005). For example, an individual should open up about how they are feeling instead of oppressing everything inside. Another type of coping strategy is cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring is defined as tactics that alter the significance of the harmful event and make an effort to perceive it in a positive way (Yoo Lee, 2005). For example, an individual should view a discriminatory act as motivating and not de-motivating. Not only that, but problem solving is another coping strategy that is defined as participating in behaviour oriented at solving an issue (Yoo Lee, 2005). Similar to other studies, families play a very crucial role in helping victims of discrimination cope with their lives. Asian Americans have a tendency to cope with racial discrimination by communicating and socializing with their family members (Wei et al., 2010). Many cultures have faith in their religion and often turn to spiritual coping. However, it was discovered that Asian Americans did not patronize their religion and spirituality and reported it to be not constructive in coping with discrimination (Wei et al., 2010). This could be due to Asian Americans feeling more comfortable and protected with verbal support as compared to spiritual and mental support. Other studies reported different types of coping behaviour. One study extensively classified coping as either problem focused or emotion focused. Problem-focused coping would require a confrontation with the offender whereas, emotion-focused coping would require pursuing social support (Alvarez Juang, 2010). Workplace sexual harassment is also a form of discrimination. Woman are more prone to this type of discrimination as they are often seen as the weaker half. Sexual harassment has been proved to negatively affect workers psychological and physical health. Not only that, but it has been identified that sexual harassment ended with female workers undergoing deterioration in their physical and emotional well-being ( Schneider, Swan Fitzgerald, 1997). Female workers often turn to various coping strategies to cope with workplace discrimination. Research implies that women do not use direct coping strategies such as confronting the harasser. Not only that, but it is proven that female students who undergo workplace discrimination often change plans, change workplace in order to avoid being further discriminated (Schneider et al., 1997) Another discrimination that should be addressed other than racial discrimination is sexual discrimination. The current era has a predisposed thought that same-sex couples are very distinct from heterosexual couples. To the contrary, the faithful relationships of same-sex couples are recognized by same or parallel characteristics of heterosexual couples. However, many same-sex couples are distinguished by stigma and are confronted with discriminatory acts countless times (Rotosky, Riggle, Gray Hatton, 2007). Many individuals are not able to accept the fact that the number of same-sex couples is growing and it will soon become a common thing around the world. Just because two people of the same gender love each other does not make them any less of a human. In spite of this, same-sex couples undergo tremendous amount of discrimination from their family and religion. Religious and legal institutions have discriminated same-sex couples by saying that they are going to burn in hell because of their intimate relationship. These institutions that are the basics of every culture does not want to recognize that two people of the same gender can have an intimate bond (Rotosky et al., 2007). When the discrimination against same-sex couples started becoming more and more prolific, it took a toll on them. These couples found it difficult to carry on with their everyday lives as their community and people around them made them feel like they were a cursed human-being. These couples had to gradually find ways to cope with this growing problem. The first step to coping for various couples was self-acceptance, by accepting themselves as sexual minority and seeing their relationship in a positive way. Another step was by originating a support systems made up of family members, friends and other same-sex couples (Rotosky et al., 2007). The studies aforementioned discuss racial discrimination and sexual discrimination and the various coping strategies to cope with it. In order to improve the understanding of discrimination and its detrimental effect on an individuals health, further studies needs to be conducted. Not only that, but other types of discrimination such as discrimination against the old age, discrimination against the disabled, workplace discrimination and others should be addressed.

Teaching and learning of Addition and subtraction

This assignment will look into the patterned advance in the instruction and acquisition of add-on and minus from baby's room to twelvemonth 4 sing the â€Å" understanding diagram † , theoretical accounts for add-on and minus, oral/mental and written methods, resources used, larning facts and the utilizing and applying/problem work outing method. One manner that kids learn about add-on is through practical experience. In mundane life people are adding by uniting two or more sets of objects. The same can be said for minus. Children learn that by taking a peculiar figure of objects from a group it ever leaves the same figure of objects eg. 4-1 is ever 3. This is the manner kids foremost learn about add-on and minus. For many kids, they begin to understand the construct of adding when learn figure vocals in their early instruction. It is really of import to supply kids with good practical experiences in order to assist them larn. It is besides critical to pattern the right linguistic communication so the kids themselves are able to get it. This gives them a good foundation as they move farther through the instruction system. Whilst kids are in a Nursery scene or a Reception category they will be following the Early Years Foundation Stage ( EYFS ) papers. Within this papers there are 6 countries of acquisition. The country of larning concentrating on the development of mathematical accomplishments is called Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy. Within that country there are specific countries sing add-on and minus. Once kids enter Year 1 they will be following the National Curriculum. Although this is the statutory papers instructors frequently use the Primary National Strategies papers to be after and present lessons. This papers breaks down the aims of the National Curriculum to offer a more focused attack to learning and acquisition.Early Old agesThe instruction of add-on and minus in a baby's room scene is based on mundane state of affairss and practical activities. Counting vocals is a common manner of reenforcing Numberss and presenting simple add-on and minus. For illustration, five small ducks. This is a good illustration of a manner that simple add-on and minus is introduced and reinforced in a nursery scene. The kids shortly learn that 5 take off 1 is 4, that 4 take off 1 is 3 etc and that 0 add 5 is 5. The right linguistic communication can be modelled so the kids learn what linguistic communication to utilize when they do activities for themselves. Games are besides a good manner of presenting or reenforcing add-on and minus. Some games are non needfully made for add-on and minus but it can be encouraged. When inquiring the kids to compare the sum of Numberss each of them has, by inquiring the kids inquiries, ‘How many more do you hold? ‘ , ‘How many less do you hold? ‘ . The kids will be working with little Numberss and will shortly be able to state how many less they have merely by hearing the two Numberss alternatively of holding to number them. Simple boundaries within the schoolroom are another manner of promoting the usage of add-on and m inus. Where merely a certain sum of kids are allowed in each country at a clip and the kids have to maintain path of how many there should be, how many less or how many more? The foundation phase introductory battalion offers thoughts for activities for the different countries of larning set out in the EYFS. When looking at add-on and minus in a Nursery puting the papers offers activities for comparing two groups of objects, demoing that when you split a group of four the sum is the same and happening the entire figure of objects in two groups. Each of these activities uses physical objects in order to show the mathematical regulation. They use resources such as the figure line, plastic coins and serpents. For immature kids in peculiar good resources are indispensable in order to prosecute the kids and efficaciously learn them about add-on and minus. In the response papers activities for looking at presenting jobs such as ‘how many will at that place be when one more†¦ .. ? ‘ , promoting the kids to state the figure that is one more than a given figure and giving chances for kids to happen one more or less than a figure up to 10s are offered. Again, merely as in the baby's room, each of these activities involves physical experiences and the activities are games to learn and reenforce the mathematical regulations for these facets of add-on and minus. Although the chief papers for Nursery scenes and Reception is the EYFS the Primary Framework wants to promote the facet of utilizing and using mathematics. The utilizing and using mathematics strand has five subjects with patterned advance being built into each subject from the foundation phase right up to twelvemonth 6. The three subdivisions of ‘using and using ‘ in the National Curriculum programmes of survey are straight related. Within the foundation phase, within the work outing jobs subdivision it states that kids will be utilizing their developing mathematical thoughts and methods so they can to work out practical jobs. Therefore, any jobs they are given related to add-on and minus they will be able to work out given their anterior cognition.Year 1- Year 4From Year 1 to twelvemonth 4 it becomes more in deepness and references add-on and minus specifically. For Year 1 kids they will be work outing jobs affecting ‘counting, adding, deducting, duplicating or ha lving in the context of Numberss, steps or money ‘ , for illustration to ‘pay ‘ and ‘give alteration ‘ . This means that a batch of the concrete experiences they have will be based around stores in their function play country in order to give the kids a more existent experience of numbering money and holding to make add-on or minus within those scenarios. Year two is much the same merely with the add-on of holding to multiply and split in the contexts of ‘numbers, steps or lbs and pence ‘ . Year three is a little measure up from this with the kids holding to take which computations to utilize and to transport them out themselves. Therefore they must make up one's mind whether it is right to add, deduct, split or multiply. Year 4 is non excessively different merely they will be larning how to utilize reckoner methods where appropriate. When kids have to work out jobs or they are asked to follow a ‘line of question ‘ , they will be demoing their thoughts, utilizing Numberss, symbols or diagrams. They will besides be involved in concluding and foretelling and pass oning those consequences, either orally or in authorship. The ‘understanding diagram ‘ put frontward by Haylock and Cockburn, shows the different facets of mathematical acquisition that are needed in order for a kid to be competent and confident in this country. One of the major parts of the diagram is concrete experiences. The instructor needs to finish undertakings themselves and utilize a scope of resources in their instruction. By making such activities it enables the kids to better retrieve what they have been taught as they are able to associate it to a physical memory. It besides allows the kids and the instructor to prosecute in duologue more easy. During these activities it is besides of import for the instructor to mode the linguistic communication they want the kids to take on and to utilize the right symbols themselves to promote the kids to make the same. Written and oral/mental methods for add-on and minus are another two of import facets of mathematical development. Oral and mental work in mathematics is indispensable. Early practical, unwritten and mental work, that is carried out in the foundation phases, is the footing for supplying kids with a good apprehension of how the four operations build on numeration attacks and a secure cognition of topographic point value and figure facts. Subsequently on their instruction kids must be able to recognize how these map s relate to each other and how the regulations can be used and applied. Oral and mental work is non merely something to be used in the beginning of instruction but must be continued to supply pattern and consolidation of these thoughts. Children must be given the chance to use the information they have learned and to do the correct determinations for themselves. To be able to cipher mentally needs an apprehension of figure forms and relationships that are developed through inquiring, the usage of theoretical accounts and images and the application of acquired figure cognition and accomp lishments. Children must hold the ability to remember figure facts immediately in order to cipher mentally. In twelvemonth 2 this would be ‘all add-on and minus facts for each figure to at least 10 ‘ . For twelvemonth 3 it would be ‘sums and differences of multiples of 10 ‘ and for twelvemonth 4, ‘the generation facts up to 10Ãâ€"10 ‘ . There must besides be an ability to utilize taught schemes in order to work out the computation. For illustration, in twelvemonth 1, to be able to ‘recognise that add-on can be done in any order and utilize this to add mentally a one-digit figure or a multiple of 10 to a one-digit or two-digit figure ‘ . To be able to ‘partition two-digit Numberss in different ways including into multiples of 10 and 1 and add the 10s and 1s individually and so recombine them ‘ in twelvemonth 2. In twelvemonth 5, to be able to ‘apply mental methods in particular instances ‘ . Finally the ability to ‘understand how the regulations and Torahs of arithmetic are used and applied ‘ . For illustration, ‘to add or subtract mentally combinations of one-digit and two-digit Numberss ‘ in twelvemonth 3 and to ‘calculate mentally with whole Numberss and decimals ‘ in twelvemonth 6. The written methods for add-on come in 4 phases and the purpose is that kids are able to utilize the mental methods where they can but when they ca n't make computations in their caput. They can utilize an efficient written method accurately and with assurance. Children need to cognize at least one efficient written method for add-on that they feel confident utilizing if they ca n't make the computation in their caput. The undermentioned phases show how the kids are able to construct up to utilize an efficient written method for add-on of whole Numberss by the terminal of twelvemonth 4. In order for the kids to add successfully they need to cognize some basic accomplishments which are ; ‘to recall all add-on braces to 9+9 and regards in 10 ‘ , ‘to add mentally a series of one-digit Numberss ‘ , ‘to add multiples of 10 or of 100 utilizing the related add-on fact ‘and ‘their cognition of topographic point value and to partition two-digit and three-digit Numberss into multiples of 100, 10 and 1 ‘ in different ways. Stage one of the written methods involve the usage of the empty figure line. Children need to be able to divide Numberss in different ways instead than ever into 10s and 1s to assist them do multiples of 10 by adding in stairss. The empty figure line is a manner of assisting them to enter their stairss when ciphering the sum. Phase 2 involves partitioning so that mental methods can be recorded. The 10s and 1s are added to organize partial amounts and those partial amounts are added together. The 3rd phase is the expanded method in columns where the kids move on to a layout that shows the add-on of the 10s and the 1s individually. As kids become more confident they can get down by adding the 1s instead than the 10s. This method leads kids to the more tight method so that they understand its construction and efficiency. The 4th and concluding phase is the column method. In this method, there is even less entering to make. The carried figures are noted below the line, either in 10s or in 100s and non in 1s. This can be made more ambitious. The kids can travel on to add three two-digit Numberss, two three-digit Numberss and Numberss of different sums of figures. The written methods for minus come in three phases. The purpose is the same as for the written methods of add-on and once more the phases show how the kids are able to construct up an efficient minuss of whole Numberss by the terminal of twelvemonth 4. In order to be able to deduct successfully the kids need to be able to ‘recall all add-on and minus facts to twenty ‘ , ‘subtract multiples of 10 utilizing the related minus fact and their cognition of topographic point value ‘ and ‘partition two-digit and three-digit Numberss into multiples of one hundred, ten and one ‘ in different ways. Phase one, merely as in add-on involves the usage of the empty figure line, which helps the kids to record and subsequently explicate the stairss they haven taken in their mental minus. After the kids have practiced this method for a piece they wo n't necessitate to enter as much information. They will necessitate to make up one's mind whether to number back or up. It is utile to inquire the kids if numbering up or back is better for certain computations. The mental method of numbering up from smaller to larger Numberss can be recorded by figure lines or in perpendicular columns. The kids will necessitate to be able to, when covering with two-digit Numberss, to cipher the replies mentally. With three-digit Numberss the Numberss of stairss can be reduced, provided that kids are able to work out replies to computations mentally. The numbering up method is a good option for those kids whose advancement is slow. Phase 2 involves partitioning. Subtraction can either be recorded utilizing partitioning to compose tantamount computations that can be carried out mentally. The 3rd and concluding phase is the expanded layout taking to the column method. Partitioning the Numberss into 10s and 1s and composing one under the other mirrors the column method. This does non straight link to mental methods of numbering back or up but parallels the breakdown method for add-on. This besides relies on secure mental accomplishments.DecisionChildren construct on their anterior cognition to come on with their mathematical accomplishments. They all start with practical experiences and changeless exposure to add-on and minus. All kids need to develop sound mental accomplishments in order to develop their written accomplishments. They have to larn the basic regulations for add-on and minus to come on with the written methods.

“That lightsaber belongs to me!”: Star Wars the Gender Swap

A long time ago in a galaxy far far away†¦ the very words that began one of the world's most recognized and well-established franchises. Star Wars, a beloved series that continues to have an ever growing fan base. However, when one considers the fan base of the film series, it is easy to associate its image with that of a male figure. During the original trilogy fans had Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Darth Vader and Princess Leia. In the prequels there was Anakin, Mace Windu, Count Dooku, Yoda, and Padame. Noticing a trend here? All of these characters to some degree fulfill the role of the archetypal male hero with a female companion, which is something the audience is accustomed to seeing, though naturally they are not all the same. Why is that? Perhaps that is the question viewers should ask themselves when watching anything from the Star Wars series. It is no surprise that Star Wars is a series loved by many throughout the world, as it offers a sense of science fiction and epic take on fantasy. However, it has been recognized to have a bit of a gender problem or suffer from what is known as the â€Å"Smurfette Effect†. Much like its counterparts in Lord of the Rings, and Harry Potter, which offers multiple male-led roles, accompanied by one or two other female roles. In the original trilogy – episodes four through six – the three main characters that stuck out were recognized as Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamil), Han Solo (Harrison Ford), and Leia Organa (Carrie Fisher). However, the role that stood out the most was that of Princess Leia, known as the leader of the rebel alliance, and iconic figure who had the courage and potential to dismantle the operations of those who sought to destroy everything she stood for. She even was presented the opportunity to save such male roles and remained as the only empowered female character throughout all three original films. However, this was all viewed as a secondary thought as the roles played by men were seen as the primary entity to the series, but this still was seen as a major breakthrough for females in film. Around the time the series was released the role and idea for a strong female lead character to exist was revolutionary and had a major impact on the way viewers and directors looked at films and the way female roles were handled. This of course would set the path for future films to be released. We would see this once again when the prequel films were released – episodes one through 3 – as characters such as Padme Amidalla, Keira Knightley, and other female Jedi roles came to light. Once again these characters were portrayed to be women of power and viewed as a great importance to the public. However, once again these features were viewed as a second thought and taken behind the roles of men and their importance to the series. Making it no surprise that the target demographic for the series was predominantly male-oriented. Despite this, Star Wars has an audience of female fans equal to those of their male counterparts and with such a large number of female fans. You would think that the universe would have more populated with roles of woman shining beyond or sharing the roles of men. Sadly, this was not the case and women presented were often shown to fall short of being any type of role model-like figure. It was seen as though if boys were to watch Star Wars films, they can idolize or plays as Obi-Wan or Anakin, characters who were portrayed to be cunning, brave, and would face danger head on. Girls on the other hand, were they supposed to support being submissive, and in need of a hero like that of Leia and Padme? Was this the trend that all of the series films would fall victim to? Women depending on men to shape and care for their futures? These types of questions remained unanswered for the longest time, until recent years when the Star Wars franchise announced it would return to the big screen in 2015 under the name â€Å"Star Wars: The Force Awakens†. However, this would not be a â€Å"per usual† Star Wars film dominated by white male men and their secondary female counterparts. No, this film sought to abolish all of the stale characteristics the series had become known for, and decided to give the series a twist no one could have seen coming. As the film itself was presented with the idea of having the franchise's first female lead role, first female villain role, first African American lead, and include more minor female characters in unexpected areas. The film was also set to have a wide This sent the world into a complete frenzy as it had a mixed reception from fans. Some found they loved and looked forward to the idea of a fresh take on the series and moving along with modern times. Fans could now be open to an entire new world, and see what could come from such a diverse cast of characters. Others however, took this as an insult, and saw the series falling prey to the social justice warrior movements and being nothing more than mere propaganda that would harm the series. Causing multiple Men's Right Activists to call for boycotts of the film, and multiple online protests, as several stated it was an attack on the hold men had throughout the series. In weeks leading to the release of the film, trailers and images taken for the film were tagged with â€Å"#BoycottStarWarsVII† and â€Å"#StarWarsaMensGalaxy†. Despite the protests, and negative feedback from multiple activists and fans, the film generated $529 million its opening week. Stomping out the superstitions that this one film would ruin the image of Star Wars that was established. However, the biggest victory this film had, was with its characters and their roles in the film as director JJ Abrams made it clear that The Force Awakens was something that would change the Star Wars forever. Many speculated that, despite the latest additions to the franchise would still be dominated by men, and have small hints of a woman being in power. However, when the film debuted many found the story's main character, Rey, a mysterious character with a hidden backstory, was not only cunning and well-rounded. She was truly independent, did not rely on another character, find herself in the middle of a love scene, or eagerly waiting for a knight in shining armor to come save the day. The closest she comes to something of that sort, is her companion Finn, who also made a splash being the franchise's first African American lead role. However, it comes across as two friends looking after one another, it could even be recognized as a bond strictly forged by survival. However, this was not the only shocker of the film, as another twist to the plot of the story comes during the climax of the film. When Rey would even defeat, and overpower the films only white antagonist known as Kylo Ren in a lightsaber battle. Some would say that it was one of the most horrific fight scenes on a Star Wars film to date, but not if you take a closer look as the fight itself has a hidden meaning. Analyzing the fight scene, Kylo toys with Rey and does not face as a real opponent. Taunting her, and showing his superior strength to push her to a weakened state but at the one point he offers her a chance to join him as an apprentice and teach her what she lacks as a Jedi. This can be seen as a moment of man beating down the thought of a woman taking on such a role. Demonstrating that a woman such as Rey is not meant to be so strong. That she is not meant to stand as a warrior, or as someone who can stand their ground and can easily fall prey to the words of a man who appears to be stronger and offers a way out a difficult situation. However, as Rey, struggles to hold off her opponent, she takes a moment to reflect on who she is, and why she is fighting. She then becomes focused and forges a stronger bond between herself and the force which allows her to become more powerful than Kylo could have ever become in such a short time. Rey, who has never fought with a lightsaber, never used the force in anyway, or faced an evil as strong as Kylo Ren emerges victorious. Making an impression on the young man, and the audience that this female character is not one to be taken so lightly, that women can take on such a role, and be just as good of a Jedi warrior worthy of wielding a lightsaber in battle. This scene alone can be indicated as one of the most iconic, visually pleasing, and outspoken of all time, with the simple message it carries through its actions and depiction. Just one more thing for the world to fall in love with, and that it did. Following the success of the film came the monstrous demand for the toys, and video game figures that the public would be open to collect and enjoy. The new line of Star Wars figures and video games included almost every single cast member and their costumes, all except one major piece. Rey herself, was not found to be included in any of the merchandise produced by toy distributor Hasbro, except for one. One that was part of a â€Å"Speeder Bundle†, a pre-sale toy bundle before the film was released. However, this one toy absolutely robs Rey of any gender as she is fully masked and clothed. One would not even notice it was a female character in the form of a toy. This of course drove a massive callout from fans and gender activists, both raising the question as to why? Why was this important female character being left out when so many were calling for her to appear? The answer came from an inside report from Hasbro that stated toymakers were specifically directed to exclude Rey from their products because â€Å"Star Wars toys were geared toward boys and boys don't like playing with female action figures. No boy wants to be given a product with a female character on it.† Which brought both Hasbro and Disney to come forward and made a thin excuse saying their intentions were â€Å"mistaken, as they did not wish to reveal or spoil anything for anyone who had not seen the movie.† It was also found that both Disney and Hasbro invested heavily in the white antagonist male character Kylo Ren as many executives expected his role to be the breakout role of the century. Returning old world views of woman not being able to have as strong of a hold in the entertainment industry as men and bringing forth the question of whether or not this trend would continue with the later series of episodes the Star Wars franchise planned to release in years to come. Although the answer may not be fully known, it is clear that creators and directors under with the Star Wars brand are working toward undoing the damage set forth by past films for their portrayal of women. With the latest installments of Star Wars: The Clone Wars Animated, Rogue One, and The Last Jedi – all featuring more independent and empowered female characters, the franchise is on the right path but still has a large road ahead till many see women equal to men.

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 1928 Words

According to the CDC, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term that includes a group of developmental disabilities that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges. It affects a significant number of individuals in the United States, with the prevalence continuing to grow (Frye, 2014). A significant proportion of individuals with ASD also experience medical conditions such as epilepsy. In fact, treatment resistant epilepsy appears to have a higher prevalence in children with ASD than in children without ASD (Frye 2014). Many children with ASD also appear to have underlying metabolic conditions, including disorders of vitamin metabolism. Biotin, a vitamin of the B complex, is composed of ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring and is involved in the regulation of metabolism amongst many other vital life functions. Biotinidase deficiency is caused by mutations in BTD gene (located on the short p arm of chromosome 3 at position 25), which r esults in a deficiency of the biotinidase enzyme, an enzyme that is needed to recycle biotin, an essential cofactor for several carboxylase enzymes (Frye, 2014). Symptoms include seizures, developmental delays, skin rash, alopecia, seborrheic dermatitis, feeding difficulties, vomiting, diarrhea, brain atrophy and ataxia. (Frye, 2014). The identification and treatment of biotin disorders could improve the underlying metabolic derangements and potentially improve behavior and seizure frequencyShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1722 Words   |  7 Pagesin every sixty-eight births are diagnosed with the Autism spectrum disorder in other words (ASD), which is about one percent of the world’s population. And that more than three point five million people in America live with a person who has the Autism spectrum disorder. We all know that Autism is a spectrum disorder in which an abnormality is developed in the brain. It is a long life condition that has no cure for itself. People who have Autism face many difficulties in their communication and theirRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder. Like many other psychological disorders, it is commonly misunderstood in popular culture. Many allude to it casually, often equating it with crippling social awkwardness and disability when it is in fact a spectrum disorder with many degrees of severity. It is somewhat of an enigma within the scientific community as well; there are many things we do not know about ASD and there is ongoing research to learn moreRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1535 Words   |  7 PagesHow Autism Influences the Interactions with Others There is a little boy that gets up every morning and goes to school. He goes home to his parents after school each day. He eats, sleeps, and plays just like any other child. There is one difference. He sees the world in a unique way than most other children not affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. The boy’s life and actions are a bit different and can be challenging for him. He needs understanding parents, family members, and teachers. Autism SpectrumRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Dustin S. Staats University of Central Oklahoma â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) formerly known as just Autism, is a disorder that affects about 1 in 68 children here in the United States.† (Facts about ASD) This is a pretty high prevalence and the number is continuing to rise. â€Å"Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant impairments in behavioral, communication, and social aspects of everyday life.†(Facts about ASD). The intellectual functioning ofRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnoses for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occur has seen a dramatic growth in numbers. With diagnoses for ASD increasing, more siblings are also being found to have grown up with a sister or brother with autism spectrum disorder. Previous studies have shown no consensus on whether or not siblings of persons with ASD are at risk for negative effects. However, patterns of anxiety among these siblings are being examined to see if characteristics of a child with autism spectrum disorder and their parentsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1369 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Introduction I don t think people understand how unique children with Autism are or the demands of caring for a child with Autism is. In order to grasp the effect of this disability has on a child or their family it is important to understand the characteristics of a child living with Autism. So for you to understand I will be talking about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Autism in a childs life. I will be talking about what autism is, the history and descriptionRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1587 Words   |  7 Pages Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder  (ASD) Purpose: My audience will learn the importance of recognizing early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children. Thesis: It is important to understand the early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder, and why early intervention is the best treatment. Introduction: Gain/maintain attention There is a television show I like to watch called â€Å"The Big Bang Theory, maybe some of you have seen it. This show focuses on the relationships between a group of friends, someRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder, as defined by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders, refers to a group of complex neurodevelopment disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior and difficulties with social communication and interaction (ninds.nih.gov). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a very complex developmental disorder and the term ‘spectrum’ was added to the original term simply known as ‘Autism’ due to the wide range of symptoms associated with the disorderRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1852 Words   |  8 PagesThe following paper is going to cover the topic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using research and data collected from various authors and journalists the paper will describe the different variations of autism and discuss the impact autism has on a person- in society, at home, in the classroom, and in their careers. Beginning at infancy, autism has a major impact on not just the child but their family’s life as well. The child’s lack of ability to interpret social cues, gestures, and expressionsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of conditions grouped under the neurodevelopmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published in 2013 (Kress Paylo, 2015). Those who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder must present two types of symptoms: 1) Deficits in social communication and social interaction and 2) Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities (APA, 2013). The DSM-5 merged all autism